See られる on Wiktionary
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": ",", "name": "," }, { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "られる" }, "expansion": "られる", "name": "lang" }, { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "食べる" }, "expansion": "食べる", "name": "lang" }, { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "れる" }, "expansion": "れる", "name": "lang" }, { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "食べられる" }, "expansion": "食べられる", "name": "lang" } ], "etymology_text": "From Classical Japanese らる (raru), which followed 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) and attached to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of monograde, bigrade, カ行変格活用 (ka-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “k-irregular conjugation”), and サ行変格活用 (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs.\nAs with other shimo nidan verbs, the original 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) らる (raru) was gradually lost as the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) らるる (raruru) came to be used for both functions, realigning the conjugations, and the conjugation type shifted to 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”), making the modern form られる (rareru).\nSome linguists suggest that られる is a variant of れる, where a reduplicative \"r\" is added to avoid vowel clusters. (e.g. 食べる + れる → *tabe- + *-are- → *tabeare- + *taberare- → 食べられる)", "forms": [ { "form": "-rareru", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "られ", "roman": "-rare", "tags": [ "stem" ] }, { "form": "られた", "roman": "-rareta", "tags": [ "past" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ja-verbconj", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "られ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-rare", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "stem" ] }, { "form": "られ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "continuative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-rare", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "continuative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "られる", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "stem", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "-rareru", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "stem", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "られる", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "attributive", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-rareru", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "attributive", "stem" ] }, { "form": "られれ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "hypothetical", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-rarere", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "hypothetical", "stem" ] }, { "form": "られよ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "literary", "stem" ] }, { "form": "られろ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "colloquial", "imperative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-rareyo", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "literary", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-rarero", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "colloquial", "imperative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "passive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "causative" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "potential" ] }, { "form": "られよう", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "-rareyō", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "られない", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "negative" ] }, { "form": "られぬ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "negative" ] }, { "form": "られん", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "negative" ] }, { "form": "-rarenai", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "negative" ] }, { "form": "-rarenu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "negative" ] }, { "form": "-raren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "negative" ] }, { "form": "られず", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "continuative", "negative" ] }, { "form": "-rarezu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "continuative", "negative" ] }, { "form": "られます", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "-raremasu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "られた", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "perfective" ] }, { "form": "-rareta", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "perfective" ] }, { "form": "られて", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-rarete", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "られれば", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "hypothetical" ] }, { "form": "-rarereba", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "hypothetical" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "suffix", "type": "2" }, "expansion": "られる • (-rareru) ichidan (stem られ (-rare), past られた (-rareta))", "name": "ja-pos" } ], "lang": "Japanese", "lang_code": "ja", "pos": "suffix", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "roman": "-reru", "word": "れる" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "english": "I was praised by my teacher yesterday.", "roman": "Kinō sensei ni homerareta.", "ruby": [ [ "昨日", "きのう" ], [ "先", "せん" ], [ "生", "せい" ], [ "褒", "ほ" ] ], "text": "昨日先生に褒められた。", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "Makes the passive voice." ], "id": "en-られる-ja-suffix-eQRJV6uY", "tags": [ "morpheme" ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "english": "Is this mushroom edible?", "literal_meaning": "Can [one] eat this mushroom?", "roman": "Kono kinoko wa taberaremasu ka.", "ruby": [ [ "食", "た" ] ], "text": "このキノコは食べられますか。", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "Makes the potential form; -able, -ible" ], "id": "en-られる-ja-suffix-L7BTR9Xs", "links": [ [ "-able", "-able" ], [ "-ible", "-ible" ] ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] }, { "glosses": [ "Shows a spontaneous action." ], "id": "en-られる-ja-suffix-fGzuMmrH", "tags": [ "morpheme" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "8 19 9 64", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "8 19 9 63", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments", "parents": [ "Links with manual fragments", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "6 15 8 71", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters", "parents": [ "Links with redundant alt parameters", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "7 15 8 71", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks", "parents": [ "Links with redundant wikilinks", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "6 14 8 72", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys", "parents": [ "Terms with redundant sortkeys", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 18 13 56", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 12 13 63", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Forms a light honorific expression." ], "id": "en-られる-ja-suffix-K2C6tXJI", "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[ɾa̠ɾe̞ɾɯ̟]" } ], "word": "られる" }
{ "categories": [ "Japanese entries with incorrect language header", "Japanese hiragana", "Japanese lemmas", "Japanese links with manual fragments", "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters", "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks", "Japanese suffixes", "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent", "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": ",", "name": "," }, { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "られる" }, "expansion": "られる", "name": "lang" }, { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "食べる" }, "expansion": "食べる", "name": "lang" }, { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "れる" }, "expansion": "れる", "name": "lang" }, { "args": { "1": "ja", "2": "食べられる" }, "expansion": "食べられる", "name": "lang" } ], "etymology_text": "From Classical Japanese らる (raru), which followed 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) and attached to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of monograde, bigrade, カ行変格活用 (ka-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “k-irregular conjugation”), and サ行変格活用 (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs.\nAs with other shimo nidan verbs, the original 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) らる (raru) was gradually lost as the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) らるる (raruru) came to be used for both functions, realigning the conjugations, and the conjugation type shifted to 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”), making the modern form られる (rareru).\nSome linguists suggest that られる is a variant of れる, where a reduplicative \"r\" is added to avoid vowel clusters. (e.g. 食べる + れる → *tabe- + *-are- → *tabeare- + *taberare- → 食べられる)", "forms": [ { "form": "-rareru", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "られ", "roman": "-rare", "tags": [ "stem" ] }, { "form": "られた", "roman": "-rareta", "tags": [ "past" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ja-verbconj", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "られ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-rare", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "stem" ] }, { "form": "られ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "continuative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-rare", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "continuative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "られる", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "stem", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "-rareru", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "stem", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "られる", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "attributive", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-rareru", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "attributive", "stem" ] }, { "form": "られれ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "hypothetical", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-rarere", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "hypothetical", "stem" ] }, { "form": "られよ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "literary", "stem" ] }, { "form": "られろ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "colloquial", "imperative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-rareyo", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "literary", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-rarero", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "colloquial", "imperative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "passive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "causative" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "potential" ] }, { "form": "られよう", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "-rareyō", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "られない", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "negative" ] }, { "form": "られぬ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "negative" ] }, { "form": "られん", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "negative" ] }, { "form": "-rarenai", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "negative" ] }, { "form": "-rarenu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "negative" ] }, { "form": "-raren", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "negative" ] }, { "form": "られず", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "continuative", "negative" ] }, { "form": "-rarezu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "continuative", "negative" ] }, { "form": "られます", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "-raremasu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "られた", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "perfective" ] }, { "form": "-rareta", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "perfective" ] }, { "form": "られて", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-rarete", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "られれば", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "hypothetical" ] }, { "form": "-rarereba", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "hypothetical" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "suffix", "type": "2" }, "expansion": "られる • (-rareru) ichidan (stem られ (-rare), past られた (-rareta))", "name": "ja-pos" } ], "lang": "Japanese", "lang_code": "ja", "pos": "suffix", "related": [ { "roman": "-reru", "word": "れる" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Japanese terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "english": "I was praised by my teacher yesterday.", "roman": "Kinō sensei ni homerareta.", "ruby": [ [ "昨日", "きのう" ], [ "先", "せん" ], [ "生", "せい" ], [ "褒", "ほ" ] ], "text": "昨日先生に褒められた。", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "Makes the passive voice." ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] }, { "categories": [ "Japanese terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "english": "Is this mushroom edible?", "literal_meaning": "Can [one] eat this mushroom?", "roman": "Kono kinoko wa taberaremasu ka.", "ruby": [ [ "食", "た" ] ], "text": "このキノコは食べられますか。", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "Makes the potential form; -able, -ible" ], "links": [ [ "-able", "-able" ], [ "-ible", "-ible" ] ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] }, { "glosses": [ "Shows a spontaneous action." ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] }, { "glosses": [ "Forms a light honorific expression." ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[ɾa̠ɾe̞ɾɯ̟]" } ], "word": "られる" }
Download raw JSONL data for られる meaning in All languages combined (6.1kB)
{ "called_from": "parser/1336", "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>", "path": [ "られる" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "suffix", "title": "られる", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/2466", "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Imperfective (未然形)", "path": [ "られる" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "suffix", "title": "られる", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/2466", "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Continuative (連用形)", "path": [ "られる" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "suffix", "title": "られる", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/2466", "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Terminal (終止形)", "path": [ "られる" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "suffix", "title": "られる", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/2466", "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Attributive (連体形)", "path": [ "られる" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "suffix", "title": "られる", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/2466", "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Hypothetical (仮定形)", "path": [ "られる" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "suffix", "title": "られる", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/2466", "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Imperative (命令形)", "path": [ "られる" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "suffix", "title": "られる", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/2466", "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Passive", "path": [ "られる" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "suffix", "title": "られる", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/2466", "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Causative", "path": [ "られる" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "suffix", "title": "られる", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/2466", "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Potential", "path": [ "られる" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "suffix", "title": "られる", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/2466", "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Volitional", "path": [ "られる" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "suffix", "title": "られる", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/2466", "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Negative", "path": [ "られる" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "suffix", "title": "られる", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/2466", "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Negative continuative", "path": [ "られる" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "suffix", "title": "られる", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/2466", "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Formal", "path": [ "られる" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "suffix", "title": "られる", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/2466", "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Perfective", "path": [ "られる" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "suffix", "title": "られる", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/2466", "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Conjunctive", "path": [ "られる" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "suffix", "title": "られる", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/2466", "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: Hypothetical conditional", "path": [ "られる" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "suffix", "title": "られる", "trace": "" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.